The proposed method does not imply disruption (puncture) of the renal artery or aorta and is suitable for long-term chronic experiments on mice. The method described herein involves injection of a drug encapsulated in polyelectrolyte capsules to achieve prolonged local release and long-term capillary retention of several hours while these capsules are administered via the renal artery. The problem of reducing the side effects associated with drug distribution throughout the body in the treatment of various kidney diseases can be solved by effective targeted drug delivery. The obtained results reveal the possible directions of fine-tuning microcapsule parameters, maximizing capsule payload without the side effects for the blood flow or the blood cells. In contrast, the injection of large 5.5 μm microcapsules leads to fast filtration from the blood flow, induces the inhibition of macrophage cell line proliferation after 48 h, and causes an increase in hemolysis, depending on the carrier concentration. Our results show that small capsules have a long circulation time and do not affect blood cells. The investigation of microcapsules ranging in diameter 1–5.5 μm allowed us to reveal the dynamics of their filtration by vital organs, cytotoxicity, and hemotoxicity, which is dependent on their size, alongside the efficiency of their interaction with the magnetic field. Here, we discuss how the processes occurring in the blood flow influence the circulation time of magnetic polyelectrolyte microcapsules in mouse blood after injection into the blood circulatory system and their interaction with different blood components, such as WBCs and RBCs. However, the influence of capsule parameters on microcapsules’ behavior in vivo is still ambiguous and requires additional study. The viability of 4T1 breast cancer cells with mineral magnetic carriers with protein–tannin shells was investigated, and their movement in the fields of action of the permanent magnet was shown.ĭrug carriers based on polyelectrolyte microcapsules remotely controlled with an external magnetic field are a promising drug delivery system. The presented results allow for predicting the degradation pathways of the carriers including the release profile of the loaded cargo under physiological conditions. The incubation in pepsin solution did not affect the protein component however, the citric buffer stimulates the degradation of the mineral core. The incubation in trypsin solution mostly resulted in the protein shell degradation. It was established that the protein–tannin complex demonstrates the different degradation behavior depending on the enzyme type and buffer medium. The time-lapse spectrophotometric and electron microscopy measurements were carried out to evaluate the degradation of the carriers. To do this, the carriers were incubated with the enzyme solutions in special buffers to maintain the enzyme activity. This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms of drug release via enzymatic degradation of a protein–tannin carrier shell triggered by proteolytic hydrolases trypsin and pepsin under physiological conditions. Hybrid carriers with the mineral CaCO3/Fe3O4 core and the protein–tannin shell are attractive for drug delivery applications due to reliable coupling of anticancer drugs with protein–tannin complex and the possibility of remote control over drug localization and delivery by the external magnetic field.

Composite mr contrast